Land Decontamination

1

The purpose of this section is to characterize risks and environmental impacts as well as the choice of the optimal method for recovery of hazardous waste contaminated soils. Through sampling and testing of soil, subsoil, air and groundwater from a certified laboratory, the extent of the problem is assessed, followed by the evaluation of the results with recommendations for further action. The purpose of evaluating the results of the chemical laboratory analyses is to assess the extent of the environmental damage that has already occurred in the past and also to categorize the soils that will result from any excavation (at the study area) in categories of non-hazardous waste or even reusable as raw material and/or suitable for construction. Also it is to be assessed whether the reuse of groundwater is possible.

The final design and selection of the appropriate remediation method performed by experienced engineers in our company, and has already successfully been applied to projects such as:

  • Remediation of the asbestos deposits of the land of the former industrial facilities of ELLENIT in New Lampsacos of Evia.
  • Remediation of the site of the deposition area at the ASBESTOS MINES of NORTHERN GREECE (MAVE)
  • Study of Sanitation – Remediation of the premises of the former factory in AMIANTIT at Depanon, Patras.

Awareness of the problem of soil and groundwater pollution has lead to the improvement of environmental directives. The European Community has established a program of environmental action to:

• Maintain the quality of healthy soil and clean groundwater
• Prevent further pollution of the environment
• Remediate, when necessary, soil and groundwater.

The main sources of pollution of soil and groundwater source from: a) industrial activities, b) agricultural activities, c) urban and household activities, d) radioactive substances, and e) natural processes

The types of pollutants are usually categorized as follows:

• Organic contaminants that reduce oxygen
• “Toxic” organic compounds
• Metals
• Radioactive materials
• Intrusive substances

Steps for Remediation / Restoration of polluted soil / water
• Discovery and Identification of the Source of Pollution
• Removal of the source of pollution
• Identification of the characteristics of the aquifer
• Impact Assessment
• Modeling – Simulation
• Restoration – Remediation

Main methods of remediation
• Natural attenuation of the pollution
• Pillar processing
• On-site treatment (In situ)
Application of electromagnetic waves
Soil excavation
Soil washing
Compressed air application
Chemical treatment
Soil thermal treatment
Biological decontamination methods

For the remediation of the unsaturated land zones, the following techniques are applied:
• Method of soil stabilization (soil stabilization, solidification)
• Hydraulic reversing methods of groundwater (aquifer)
• Boxing methods (Bulkheads)

To limit the expansion of the pollution the following methods can be used:
• Natural attenuation of pollution
• “Plant healing”
• Removal of heavy metals by applying electric current
• Pumping out floating pollutants
• Bioremediation
• Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs)
• Air sparging
• Air Stripping
• Extraction and decontamination of soluble contaminants (pump and treat)

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